There are quite a few of them, and we will now make the most important ones simple and clear. Chapter 2 an overview of affixation as an important word formation process in world languages. Note that this syllabus is for both internal and external candidates. Word formation 1 the process or result of forming new words, called derived words, from words or word groups with the same root. Adequate care has been taken to ensure that candidates. Jan 20, 2019 resources for teaching yourself how to speak and read the igbo language. This study uses the nomenclatures of this pdf handout to analyze the morphological processes in anaku igbo to prove or disprove the universality of the processes. It is considered largely an isolating language with an svo syntax. See below for the abstract, table of contents, list of figures, list of tables, list of appendices, list of abbreviations and chapter one. Many of you chose to look up ize words as part of your first assignment according to hans marchand, who wrote a book entitled the categories and types of presentday english word formation, university of alabama press, 1969, the suffix ize comes originally from the greek izo. Verb structure in igbo language ngwaa verbs verbs are words used to show action. Pritchett pre1500s a form of writing called nsibidi, using formalized pictograms, existed among the igbo and neighboring groups. Word formation article about word formation by the free. Although they live in scattered groups of villages, they all speak one language.
Morphological processes in anaku igbo journal of pan african. Below we picked 70% of the most commonly used words. Reduplication is the standard term for this phenomenon in the linguistics literature. Click here for stepbystep rules, stories and exercises to practice all english tenses. Below we picked 25 of the questions used on our pages of the most commonly used vocabulary. Based on this, the igbo syllabus is designed for candidates studying igbo. It is written in the roman script and is a tonal language like yoruba and chinese, with two distinctive tones. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Overall, there are two different counting systems in the igbo language, a 20 based one older version and a 10 decimal based one newer version. The indivisibility of ai in standard yoruba 557 oye taiwo 48. Since its independence, the main languages in nigeria have been hausa, igbo and yoruba, also known by the word wazobia, i. Several affixations and tonal patterns which characterize the igbo verb formation process do exist in english language. This data, from twentyeight language families and fortyfive language genera, reveals associations between word formation processes in genetically and geographically distinct languages. Word formation processes in nigerian shortmessage service.
Download the complete linguistics project topic and material chapter 15 titled the morphological processes of tiv word formation here on projects. It is an important means of supplementing vocabulary and forming specialized terms. The researcher observed that wordformation processes in english and igbo languages involve affixation, inflection, and derivation. Every language of the world has its own word formation processes and the rules governing the formation. Most onesyllable words in the english language are free morphemes. Atthesametime,thepresentsituationwithregardtolanguageallo cationdoesnotaffecttheeffortsofthelanguage. Standard igbo is an amalgam of the different dialects of the igbo language.
The igbo language is one of the languages of the benue congo family spoken predominantly in the southeast part of nigeria. Global yoruba lexical database university of pennsylvania. Nouns are invariable but verbs take prefixes and suffixes to mark aspect and tense. Nov 05, 20 the english and igbo verb formation processes are similar only in the area ablaut morpheme transformation and shift in stress do not exist in igbo language. Igbo preamble a sound knowledge of the igbo language, literature and culture is a fundamental need for all who desire the comprehensive knowledge of the igbo people. Jul 25, 2019 the form of a word that results from adding a derivational morpheme is known as a derived word or a derivative. Igbo language is one of the many languages spoken in nigeria. You will be able to see your score at the end of the quiz, as well as a green check mark next to the correct answers. A sound knowledge of the igbo language, literature and culture is a fundamental need for all who desire the comprehensive knowledge of the igbo people. A wordformation process may be either or all about the following. The determiner in the igbo nominal phrase 545 greg orji c. The following sections define and exemplify the related word formation processes of derivation and back formation.
Therefore memorizing them will give you a 70% boost in the language. Comparative study of morphological processes in english. Reading and writing igbo is not very widespread and not much igbo literature exists. Such means include joining affixes to stems russian stolik, little table.
The paper examined derivation as one of the word formation processes in the. English and hausa are two different languages with different linguistic origins, backgrounds, and conditions that make them naturally different. Suggest ways through which communication competence of the learners of english as a second language can be facilitated using appropriate word formation processes. Igbo introduction, location, language, folklore, religion. The languages tone system was given by john goldsmith as an example of autosegmental phenomena that go beyond the linear model of phonology laid out in the sound pattern of english. Word formation compounding words, blending and clipping. Igbo is mainly a spoken and colloquial language today, the. Word formation occurs through formal means established within a given language that give a new or more precise meaning to the original elements. Abstractone of the features of a living language is that it constantly changes with new words finding their way into the vocabulary of the language. According to linguist bogdan szymanek, english word formation is doing quite well and keeps many people busy. The english and igbo verb formation processes are similar only in the area ablaut morpheme transformation and shift in stress do not exist in igbo language. Igbo kwa subfamily of the nigercongo language family the igbo are the second largest group of people living in southern nigeria. Nominal forms can derive from verbs and verb phrases by means of affixes.
This paper presents a finite state model of reduplication processes in igbo. The language s tone system was given by john goldsmith as an example of autosegmental phenomena that go beyond the linear model of phonology laid out in the sound pattern of english. The igbo quiz below would be a great way for you to test what you have practiced earlier with our vocabulary trainer. The researcher observed that word formation processes in english and igbo languages involve affixation, inflection, and derivation. Compounding compounding forms a word out of two or more root morphemes. Such differences create problem in second language learning especially in. Click the download now button to get the complete project work instantly. A contrastive analysis of conjugation of english and igbo verbs. Derivational processes involve affixation, reduplication partial or complete and compounding. Languages vocabularies grow from time to time as a result of new innovations that continuously spring up in different sectors of life and human endeavour.
Nov 10, 2019 today you and i will quickly take a look at the topic waec syllabus for igbo 20202021 download waec syllabus 2020 pdf here for free. Although, some works have been done on the inflectional and extensional suffixes in the language but no detailed study so far has been done on the prime suffixes in the language. The following word formation processes result in the creation of new words in english. Overall, in igbo, the infinitive form of the verb begins either with an i or. This study focuses on analyzing and contrasting the processes of noun formation in both english and igbo languages. Welcome to the 9th lesson about the igbo vocabulary. A functional analysis of the prime suffixes in igbo morphosyntax. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Finite state representation of reduplication processes in igbo. It died out, probably because it was popular among secret societies whose members did not want to discuss it publicly. Department of linguistics, igbo and other nigerian languages, university of. Suggest ways through which communication competence of the learners of english as a second language can be facilitated using appropriate wordformation processes. The lessons on this page mostly focus on the newer 10 based counting system, meaning the numbers are described based on the multiples of 10 instead of multiples 20.
Not only does that book describe the wide variety of the traditions in this part of nigeria, attention is. Igbo is written in the latin script, which was introduced by british colonialists. Clipping differs from backformation in that the new word retains the meaning of the original word. In igbo language, the morphological processes involve the formal processes as operations by which words are formed, altering the status of existing words, as well as the use of different configurations of tones on a word to form more words. In linguistics, compounds can be either native or borrowed. You can add derivational morphemes to free morphemes, which are those words that cant be divided into smaller component parts and retain meaning. A history of the igbo language compiled by frances w.
Today you and i will quickly take a look at the topic waec syllabus for igbo 20202021 download waec syllabus 2020 pdf here for free. Morphological typology of the 19th century the implicit premise of the first language typology is that morphology, especially inflection, forms the core of the language system. This has become very necessary as several aspirants of the 20202021 waec examination have been trooping into our website for waec guide and asking us several other questions concerning the syllabus for waec igbo to help them prepare. Negative affixation in igbo language semantic scholar. The origin of this usage of tautonym is uncertain, but it has been suggested that it is of.
Morphology is the study of word formation in language. Igbo not ibo is a language spoken in nigeria by the igbo people ndi igbo. In some cases a third, downstepped high tone is recognized. Word formation processes are basically how new words are created and become part of the language. The infinitive form of the verb, also called the infinitive marker, refers to the most simple version of the verb preceded by the word to such as to see. A contrastive analysis of conjugation of english and igbo. Igbo is a tonal language with two distinctive tones, the high and low. Clipping is the word formation process in which a word is reduced or shortened without changing the meaning of the word. Derivation is defined in literature as one of the processes of word formation. Word formation is the process of creating new words. Morphology, morphological processescommunication, concatenate processes, language universals, anaku, igbo language. Nigerian languages, literatures, culture and reforms. The igbo and english languages are of different linguistic backgrounds and as such are characterized by differences in the affixation processes.
Its loan words are mostly from arabic, english, hausa and igbo languages. Igbo language nnamdi azikiwe university digital library. I hit the man on his head, each of the words is a free morpheme that cant be broken down into smaller parts. Identified igbo reduplication processes are based on i verbal reduplication with prefixation, ii total nominal. They are socially and culturally diverse, consisting of many subgroups. Word formation processes in nigerian shortmessage service abstract one of the features of a living language is that it constantly changes with new words finding their way into the vocabulary of the language.
Other terms that are occasionally used include cloning, doubling, duplication, repetition, and tautonym when it is used in biological taxonomies, such as bison bison. Igboenglish and englishigbo dictionary this vocabulary is part of a published book that provides simple and easytoread insights into igbo language and culture. Corpussize quantification for computational morphological. The study adopted a contrastive analysis theory cum contrastive analysis hypothesis which is an area of linguistic studies that deals with the. From table i, all the unit sets of words gave at least 300 word labels, with only one unit set giving 292. The language has approximately 24 million speakers, who live mostly in nigeria and are primarily of igbo descent. It is natively spoken in southwestern nigeria, benin and togo countries of africa by well over 30 million people. How to say formation in igbo thesaurus and word tools. English word formation processes really learn english.
Word order is, like in most benuecongo languages, subjectverbobject. In morphology, there are two main processes of word formation, namely inflectional and derivational. The main cultural festival of aro people known for its fierce masquerades asusu anya. This data, from twentyeight language families and fortyfive language genera, reveals associations between wordformation processes in genetically and geographically distinct languages. Yoruba is a tonal language with very little inflectional morphology and a strict subjectverbobject word order. Were dedicating this page to the most important and most used words in igbo. Such differences create problem in second language learning especially in verbal affixation. Igbo language is one of the three major languages, spoken in nigeria, west africa.
The method of data analysis was contrastive, since this research is a contrastive study of noun formation in english and igbo. This research work hinges on the contrastive analysis of igbo and english affixation. We can see that there are two different meanings for this word. A word formation process may be either or all about the following.
Igbo is a tonal language and has vowel harmony as well as consonants with double articulation. The suffix ize, objected to by edwin newman in words like hospitalize, has a long and venerable history. Word formation is a means of deriving generating linguistic units in order to create a new one word name having a semantic and formal connection with the original unit. Wordformation processes in nigerian english 5 oyatogun, aituari taiwo 45. Comparative study of morphological processes in english and. Igbo verbs nnamdi azikiwe university digital library. See more ideas about learning resources, language and teaching. The yoruba language the yoruba language is a benuekwa language of the larger nigercongo family of languages, of the yoruboid branch. However, the english language system of verb formation involves verbal ablaut and inflection.
Thus, the formation of the word unusable is a twostep process whereby use and able attach first, then unattaches to the word usable. According to linguist bogdan szymanek, english wordformation is doing quite well and keeps many people busy. Apr 14, 2020 below is this years waec syllabus for igbo. Look at the word formation examples above if you are not sure which form to use. Area of study the area of this study is anaku in ayamelum, anambra state, nigeria, a language group a variety of igbo language of about sixteen thousand 16,000 inhabitants. Jan 19, 2012 processes of word formation slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Fill in each gap by typing in the best word from the word family listed for each number.
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